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Pedagogical Stages of Development
| Infancy | Early Childhood Years | Pre-School
Years |
Elementary School Years | Highschool
Years | |
| Age Range in which Developmental Stages Tend To Emerge | |||||
| Birth -- 2 years | 2 -- 4 years | 4 -- 7 years | 7 -- 11 years | Adolescence -- Early Adulthood | |
| Freud
Phases of Psychosexual Development |
Oral Phase "Instinctual drives" |
Anal Phase "Accommodation to Control" |
Phallic Phase "Struggle for affection/attention" |
Latency Phase "Cognition Pre-eminent" |
Genital Phase "Development of interactive psychosexual relationships" |
| Erickson
Psycho-social Crises Elements of Social Order |
Trust vs. Mistrust "Cosmic Order" |
Autonomy vs. Shame/Doubt "Law & Order" |
Initiative vs. Guilt "Ideal Prototypes" |
Industry vs. Inferiority "Technological Elements" |
Identity vs. Role Confusion "Ideological Perspectives" |
| Piaget
Developmental Periods |
Sensory-motor Period "Passive release by stimulation to active groping" |
Preoperational Period:
Thought Phase "Egocentric; reality is subjective" |
Preoperational Period:
Intuitive Phase "Development of elementary constructs of reality; object stability" |
Concrete Operational Period
"Movement from magical thinking to concrete thinking" |
Formal Operational
Period
"Movement toward abstract thinking and conceptualization" |
| Kohlberg
Levels of Moral Development |
Avoids Punishment "Goodness/badness is determined by physical consequences of action" |
Gains Rewards "Right actions are those that satisfy personal needs" |
Gains Approval Avoids Disapproval
"Emphasis on conformity and on being 'nice' to gain approval" |
Duty to Society Avoids Dishonor
"Focus on authority, fixed rules, and the social order. Respect earned by performing dutifully" | |
William H. Jackson -- 1999
Jackson, W. H., (1999). Pedagogical Stages of Development. [On-line]. Available: http://internet.cybermesa.com/~bjackson/Papers/PedaStage.htm.